Federal Reserve Economic Data
Last updated
Last updated
FRED, which is short for Federal Reserve Economic Data, is an online repository of a vast array of economic data time series from numerous national, international, public, and private sources. NestQuant collects this kind of data from Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. For more information, please check this .
FRED has multiple release and revision times, at each time a number can be different. For instance, the US GDP for Q4 2013 was first released to be 17102.5 on 2014-01-30, and then revised to 17080.7 on 2014-02-28, and then revised to 17089.6 on 2014-03-27. In our provided data we keep only the first release version and omit all modified data because in a financial market position most of us are interested in first release data to make a decision.
DATE
Date of the data
VALUE
Value of the indicator at DATE
Note for the 'Seasonal adjustment' column: A seasonally adjusted time series is a monthly or quarterly time series that has been modified to eliminate the effect of seasonal and calendar influences.
T10Y2Y
10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
100
Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield). Series is calculated as the spread between 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity (BC_10YEAR) and 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity (BC_2YEAR). Both underlying series are published at the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).
UNRATE
Unemployment Rate
Monthly
Percent
Seasonally Adjusted
94
The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed as a percentage of the labor force. Labor force data are restricted to people 16 years of age and older, who currently reside in 1 of the 50 states or the District of Columbia, who do not reside in institutions (e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces. This rate is also defined as the U-3 measure of labor underutilization. The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)' The source code is: LNS14000000
T10Y3M
10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 3-Month Treasury Constant Maturity
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
94
Series is calculated as the spread between 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity (BC_10YEAR) and 3-Month Treasury Constant Maturity (BC_3MONTH). Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).
CPIAUCSL
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
Monthly
Index 1982-1984=100
Seasonally Adjusted
94
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items (CPIAUCSL) is a price index of a basket of goods and services paid by urban consumers. Percent changes in the price index measure the inflation rate between any two time periods. The most common inflation metric is the percent change from one year ago. It can also represent the buying habits of urban consumers. This particular index includes roughly 88 percent of the total population, accounting for wage earners, clerical workers, technical workers, self-employed, short-term workers, unemployed, retirees, and those not in the labor force. The CPIs are based on prices for food, clothing, shelter, and fuels; transportation fares; service fees (e.g., water and sewer service); and sales taxes. Prices are collected monthly from about 4,000 housing units and approximately 26,000 retail establishments across 87 urban areas. To calculate the index, price changes are averaged with weights representing their importance in the spending of the particular group. The index measures price changes (as a percent change) from a predetermined reference date. In addition to the original unadjusted index distributed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics also releases a seasonally adjusted index. The unadjusted series reflects all factors that may influence a change in prices. However, it can be very useful to look at the seasonally adjusted CPI, which removes the effects of seasonal changes, such as weather, school year, production cycles, and holidays. The CPI can be used to recognize periods of inflation and deflation. Significant increases in the CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of inflation, and significant decreases in CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of deflation. However, because the CPI includes volatile food and oil prices, it might not be a reliable measure of inflationary and deflationary periods. For a more accurate detection, the core CPI (CPILFESL (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPILFESL)) is often used. When using the CPI, please note that it is not applicable to all consumers and should not be used to determine relative living costs. Additionally, the CPI is a statistical measure vulnerable to sampling error since it is based on a sample of prices and not the complete average. For more information on the consumer price indexes, see: Bureau of Economic Analysis. "CPI Detailed Report." (https://www.bls.gov/cpi/) 2013. Handbook of Methods (https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/cpihom.pdf) Understanding the CPI: Frequently Asked Questions (https://www.bls.gov/cpi/questions-and-answers.htm)
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
Quarterly
Billions of Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
92
BEA Account Code: A191RC Gross domestic product (GDP), the featured measure of U.S. output, is the market value of the goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States.For more information, see the Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (NIPA) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf).
RRPONTSYD
Overnight Reverse Repurchase Agreements: Treasury Securities Sold by the Federal Reserve in the Temporary Open Market Operations
Daily
Billions of US Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
92
This series is constructed as the aggregated daily amount value of the RRP transactions reported by the New York Fed as part of the Temporary Open Market Operations. Temporary open market operations involve short-term repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements that are designed to temporarily add or drain reserves available to the banking system and influence day-to-day trading in the federal funds market. A reverse repurchase agreement (known as reverse repo or RRP) is a transaction in which the New York Fed under the authorization and direction of the Federal Open Market Committee sells a security to an eligible counterparty with an agreement to repurchase that same security at a specified price at a specific time in the future. For these transactions, eligible securities are U.S. Treasury instruments, federal agency debt and the mortgage-backed securities issued or fully guaranteed by federal agencies. For more information, see https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/rrp_faq.html
T10YIE
10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
91
The breakeven inflation rate represents a measure of expected inflation derived from 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Securities (BC_10YEAR) and 10-Year Treasury Inflation-Indexed Constant Maturity Securities (TC_10YEAR). The latest value implies what market participants expect inflation to be in the next 10 years, on average. Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).
CSUSHPINSA
S&P/Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index
Monthly
Index Jan 2000=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
91
For more information regarding the index, please visit Standard & Poor's (https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-sp-corelogic-cs-home-price-indices.pdf). There is more information about home price sales pairs in the Methodology section. Copyright, 2016, Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC. Reprinted with permission.
GDPC1
Real Gross Domestic Product
Quarterly
Billions of Chained 2012 Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
91
BEA Account Code: A191RX Real gross domestic product is the inflation adjusted value of the goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States.For more information see the Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (NIPA). For more information, please visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf).
MSPUS
Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
Quarterly
Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
90
MSPUS
Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
Quarterly
Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
90
T5YIE
5-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
87
The breakeven inflation rate represents a measure of expected inflation derived from 5-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Securities (BC_5YEAR) and 5-Year Treasury Inflation-Indexed Constant Maturity Securities (TC_5YEAR). The latest value implies what market participants expect inflation to be in the next 5 years, on average. Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).
PSAVERT
Personal Saving Rate
Monthly
Percent
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
86
BEA Account Code: A072RC Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income (DPI), frequently referred to as "the personal saving rate," is calculated as the ratio of personal saving to DPI. Personal saving is equal to personal income less personal outlays and personal taxes; it may generally be viewed as the portion of personal income that is used either to provide funds to capital markets or to invest in real assets such as residences.(https://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/all-chapters.pdf) A Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf) (NIPA).
CIVPART
Labor Force Participation Rate
Monthly
Percent
Seasonally Adjusted
84
The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)' The source code is: LNS11300000 The Labor Force Participation Rate is defined by the Current Population Survey (CPS) as “the number of people in the labor force as a percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population […] the participation rate is the percentage of the population that is either working or actively looking for work.” The Labor Force Participation Rate is collected in the CPS and published by the BLS. It is provided on a monthly basis, so this data is used in part by macroeconomists as an initial economic indicator of current labor market trends. The labor force participation rate helps government agencies, financial markets, and researchers gauge the overall health of the economy. Note that long-run changes in labor force participation may reflect secular economic trends that are unrelated to the overall health of the economy. For instance, demographic changes such as the aging of population can lead to a secular increase of exits from the labor force, shrinking the labor force and decreasing the labor force participation rate. For more information, see: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CES Overview (https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprog.htm) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Concepts and Definitions (CPS) (https://www.bls.gov/cps/definitions.htm#lfpr)
T5YIFR
5-Year, 5-Year Forward Inflation Expectation Rate
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
84
This series is a measure of expected inflation (on average) over the five-year period that begins five years from today. This series is constructed as: (((((1+((BC_10YEAR-TC_10YEAR)/100))^10)/((1+((BC_5YEAR-TC_5YEAR)/100))^5))^0.2)-1)*100 where BC10_YEAR, TC_10YEAR, BC_5YEAR, and TC_5YEAR are the 10 year and 5 year nominal and inflation adjusted Treasury securities. Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).
SP500
S&P 500
Daily, Close
Index
Not Seasonally Adjusted
84
The observations for the S&P 500 represent the daily index value at market close. The market typically closes at 4 PM ET, except for holidays when it sometimes closes early. The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC have reached a new agreement on the use of Standard & Poors and Dow Jones Averages series in FRED. FRED and its associated services will include 10 years of daily history for Standard & Poors and Dow Jones Averages series. The S&P 500 is regarded as a gauge of the large cap U.S. equities market. The index includes 500 leading companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy, which are publicly held on either the NYSE or NASDAQ, and covers 75% of U.S. equities. Since this is a price index and not a total return index, the S&P 500 index here does not contain dividends. Copyright © 2016, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. All rights reserved. Reproduction of S&P 500 in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC ("S&P"). S&P does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, completeness or availability of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions, regardless of the cause or for the results obtained from the use of such information. S&P DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. In no event shall S&P be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with subscriber's or others' use of S&P 500. Permission to reproduce S&P 500 can be requested from index_services@spdji.com. More contact details are available here (http://us.spindices.com/contact-us), including phone numbers for all regional offices.
CORESTICKM159SFRBATL
Sticky Price Consumer Price Index less Food and Energy
Monthly
Percent Change from Year Ago
Seasonally Adjusted
84
The Sticky Price Consumer Price Index (CPI) is calculated from a subset of goods and services included in the CPI that change price relatively infrequently. Because these goods and services change price relatively infrequently, they are thought to incorporate expectations about future inflation to a greater degree than prices that change on a more frequent basis. One possible explanation for sticky prices could be the costs firms incur when changing price. To obtain more information about this release see: Michael F. Bryan, and Brent H. Meyer. “Are Some Prices in the CPI More Forward Looking Than Others? We Think So.” Economic Commentary (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland) (May 19, 2010): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.26509/frbc-ec-201002 (https://doi.org/10.26509/frbc-ec-201002).
ASPUS
Average Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
Quarterly
Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
83
SOFR
Secured Overnight Financing Rate
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
83
GFDEGDQ188S
Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
Quarterly
Percent of GDP
Seasonally Adjusted
83
Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (GFDEGDQ188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GFDEGDQ188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Government Debt: Total Public Debt (GFDEBTN) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GFDEBTN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP): GFDEGDQ188S = ((GFDEBTN/1000)/GDP)*100 GFDEBTN/1000 transforms GFDEBTN from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.
GFDEGDQ188S
Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
Quarterly
Percent of GDP
Seasonally Adjusted
83
Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (GFDEGDQ188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GFDEGDQ188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Government Debt: Total Public Debt (GFDEBTN) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GFDEBTN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP): GFDEGDQ188S = ((GFDEBTN/1000)/GDP)*100 GFDEBTN/1000 transforms GFDEBTN from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.
PCE
Personal Consumption Expenditures
Monthly
Billions of Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
83
BEA Account Code: DPCERC A Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf) (NIPA).
M2V
Velocity of M2 Money Stock
Quarterly
Ratio
Seasonally Adjusted
83
Calculated as the ratio of quarterly nominal GDP (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP) to the quarterly average of M2 money stock (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2SL). The velocity of money is the frequency at which one unit of currency is used to purchase domestically- produced goods and services within a given time period. In other words, it is the number of times one dollar is spent to buy goods and services per unit of time. If the velocity of money is increasing, then more transactions are occurring between individuals in an economy. The frequency of currency exchange can be used to determine the velocity of a given component of the money supply, providing some insight into whether consumers and businesses are saving or spending their money. There are several components of the money supply,: M1, M2, and MZM (M3 is no longer tracked by the Federal Reserve); these components are arranged on a spectrum of narrowest to broadest. Consider M1, the narrowest component. M1 is the money supply of currency in circulation (notes and coins, traveler's checks [non-bank issuers], demand deposits, and checkable deposits). A decreasing velocity of M1 might indicate fewer short- term consumption transactions are taking place. We can think of shorter- term transactions as consumption we might make on an everyday basis. Beginning May 2020, M2 consists of M1 plus (1) small-denomination time deposits (time deposits in amounts of less than $100,000) less IRA and Keogh balances at depository institutions; and (2) balances in retail MMFs less IRA and Keogh balances at MMFs. Seasonally adjusted M2 is constructed by summing savings deposits (before May 2020), small-denomination time deposits, and retail MMFs, each seasonally adjusted separately, and adding this result to seasonally adjusted M1. For more information on the H.6 release changes and the regulatory amendment that led to the creation of the other liquid deposits component and its inclusion in the M1 monetary aggregate, see the H.6 announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h6.html) and Technical Q&As (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/h6_technical_qa.htm) posted on December 17, 2020. MZM (money with zero maturity) is the broadest component and consists of the supply of financial assets redeemable at par on demand: notes and coins in circulation, traveler's checks (non-bank issuers), demand deposits, other checkable deposits, savings deposits, and all money market funds. The velocity of MZM helps determine how often financial assets are switching hands within the economy.
ASPUS
Average Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
Quarterly
Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
83
PAYEMS
All Employees, Total Nonfarm
Monthly
Thousands of Persons
Seasonally Adjusted
82
All Employees: Total Nonfarm, commonly known as Total Nonfarm Payroll, is a measure of the number of U.S. workers in the economy that excludes proprietors, private household employees, unpaid volunteers, farm employees, and the unincorporated self-employed. This measure accounts for approximately 80 percent of the workers who contribute to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This measure provides useful insights into the current economic situation because it can represent the number of jobs added or lost in an economy. Increases in employment might indicate that businesses are hiring which might also suggest that businesses are growing. Additionally, those who are newly employed have increased their personal incomes, which means (all else constant) their disposable incomes have also increased, thus fostering further economic expansion. Generally, the U.S. labor force and levels of employment and unemployment are subject to fluctuations due to seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) adjusts the data to offset the seasonal effects to show non-seasonal changes: for example, women's participation in the labor force; or a general decline in the number of employees, a possible indication of a downturn in the economy. To closely examine seasonal and non-seasonal changes, the BLS releases two monthly statistical measures: the seasonally adjusted All Employees: Total Nonfarm (PAYEMS) and All Employees: Total Nonfarm (PAYNSA), which is not seasonally adjusted. The series comes from the 'Current Employment Statistics (Establishment Survey).' The source code is: CES0000000001
CUSR0000SETA02
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Used Cars and Trucks in U.S. City Average
Monthly
Index 1982-1984=100
Seasonally Adjusted
82
CSUSHPISA
S&P/Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index
Monthly
Index Jan 2000=100
Seasonally Adjusted
81
For more information regarding the index, please visit Standard & Poor's (https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-sp-corelogic-cs-home-price-indices.pdf). There is more information about home price sales pairs in the Methodology section. Copyright, 2016, Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC. Reprinted with permission.
CPILFESL
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy in U.S. City Average
Monthly
Index 1982-1984=100
Seasonally Adjusted
81
The "Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food & Energy" is an aggregate of prices paid by urban consumers for a typical basket of goods, excluding food and energy. This measurement, known as "Core CPI," is widely used by economists because food and energy have very volatile prices. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines and measures the official CPI, and more information can be found in the FAQ (https://www.bls.gov/cpi/questions-and-answers.htm) or in this article (https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/cpihom.pdf).
APU0000708111
Average Price: Eggs, Grade A, Large (Cost per Dozen) in U.S. City Average
Monthly
U.S. Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
81
Large white, Grade A chicken eggs, sold in a carton of a dozen. Includes organic, non-organic, cage free, free range, and traditional. Average consumer prices are calculated for household fuel, motor fuel, and food items from prices collected for the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Average prices are best used to measure the price level in a particular month, not to measure price change over time. It is more appropriate to use CPI index values for the particular item categories to measure price change. Prices, except for electricity, are collected monthly by BLS representatives in the 75 urban areas priced for the CPI. Electricity prices are collected for the BLS for the same 75 areas on a monthly basis by the Department of Energy using mail questionnaires. All fuel prices include applicable Federal, State, and local taxes; prices for natural gas and electricity also include fuel and purchased gas adjustments. For more information, please visit the Bureau of Labor Statistics (https://www.bls.gov/cpi/factsheets/average-prices.htm).
NFCI
Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index
Weekly, Ending Friday
Index
Not Seasonally Adjusted
81
The Chicago Fed's National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI) provides a comprehensive weekly update on U.S. financial conditions in money markets, debt and equity markets and the traditional and "shadow" banking systems. Positive values of the NFCI indicate financial conditions that are tighter than average, while negative values indicate financial conditions that are looser than average. For further information, please visit the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (http://www.chicagofed.org/webpages/publications/nfci/index.cfm).
ICSA
Initial Claims
Weekly, Ending Saturday
Number
Seasonally Adjusted
81
An initial claim is a claim filed by an unemployed individual after a separation from an employer. The claim requests a determination of basic eligibility for the Unemployment Insurance program.
HOUST
New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
Monthly
Thousands of Units
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
80
As provided by the Census, start occurs when excavation begins for the footings or foundation of a building. All housing units in a multifamily building are defined as being started when this excavation begins. Beginning with data for September 1992, estimates of housing starts include units in structures being totally rebuilt on an existing foundation.
HOUST
New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
Monthly
Thousands of Units
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
80
As provided by the Census, start occurs when excavation begins for the footings or foundation of a building. All housing units in a multifamily building are defined as being started when this excavation begins. Beginning with data for September 1992, estimates of housing starts include units in structures being totally rebuilt on an existing foundation.
GFDEBTN
Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
Quarterly, End of Period
Millions of Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
80
MEHOINUSA672N
Real Median Household Income in the United States
Annual
2021 CPI-U-RS Adjusted Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
80
Household data are collected as of March. As stated in the Census's Source and Accuracy of Estimates for Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2011 (http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/p60_243sa.pdf). Estimation of Median Incomes. The Census Bureau has changed the methodology for computing median income over time. The Census Bureau has computed medians using either Pareto interpolation or linear interpolation. Currently, we are using linear interpolation to estimate all medians. Pareto interpolation assumes a decreasing density of population within an income interval, whereas linear interpolation assumes a constant density of population within an income interval. The Census Bureau calculated estimates of median income and associated standard errors for 1979 through 1987 using Pareto interpolation if the estimate was larger than $20,000 for people or $40,000 for families and households. This is because the width of the income interval containing the estimate is greater than $2,500. We calculated estimates of median income and associated standard errors for 1976, 1977, and 1978 using Pareto interpolation if the estimate was larger than $12,000 for people or $18,000 for families and households. This is because the width of the income interval containing the estimate is greater than $1,000. All other estimates of median income and associated standard errors for 1976 through 2011 (2012 ASEC) and almost all of the estimates of median income and associated standard errors for 1975 and earlier were calculated using linear interpolation. Thus, use caution when comparing median incomes above $12,000 for people or $18,000 for families and households for different years. Median incomes below those levels are more comparable from year to year since they have always been calculated using linear interpolation. For an indication of the comparability of medians calculated using Pareto interpolation with medians calculated using linear interpolation, see Series P-60, Number 114, (https://www2.census.gov/prod2/popscan/p60-114.pdf) Money Income in 1976 of Families and Persons in the United States.
DCOILWTICO
Crude Oil Prices: West Texas Intermediate (WTI) - Cushing, Oklahoma
Daily
Dollars per Barrel
Not Seasonally Adjusted
80
Definitions, Sources and Explanatory Notes (http://www.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/TblDefs/pet_pri_spt_tbldef2.asp)
PCEPI
Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
Monthly
Index 2012=100
Seasonally Adjusted
79
BEA Account Code: DPCERG The Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index is a measure of the prices that people living in the United States, or those buying on their behalf, pay for goods and services. The change in the PCE price index is known for capturing inflation (or deflation) across a wide range of consumer expenses and reflecting changes in consumer behavior. For example, if the price of beef rises, shoppers may buy less beef and more chicken. The PCE Price Index is produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), which revises previously published PCE data to reflect updated information or new methodology, providing consistency across decades of data that's valuable for researchers. They also offer the series as a Chain-Type index, as above. The PCE price index is used primarily for macroeconomic analysis and forecasting. The PCE Price index is the Federal Reserve’s preferred measure of inflation. The PCE Price Index is similar to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' consumer price index for urban consumers. The two indexes, which have their own purposes and uses, are constructed differently, resulting in different inflation rates. For more information on the PCE price index, see: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (NIPA) (https://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf) U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index (https://www.bea.gov/data/personal-consumption-expenditures-price-index) U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Prices & Inflation (https://www.bea.gov/resources/learning-center/what-to-know-prices-inflation) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Differences between the Consumer Price Index and the Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index (https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/archive/differences-between-the-consumer-price-index-and-the-personal-consumption-expenditures-price-index.pdf)
MSACSR
Monthly Supply of New Houses in the United States
Monthly
Months' Supply
Seasonally Adjusted
79
The months' supply is the ratio of new houses for sale to new houses sold. This statistic provides an indication of the size of the new for-sale inventory in relation to the number of new houses currently being sold. The months' supply indicates how long the current new for-sale inventory would last given the current sales rate if no additional new houses were built.
MSACSR
Monthly Supply of New Houses in the United States
Monthly
Months' Supply
Seasonally Adjusted
79
The months' supply is the ratio of new houses for sale to new houses sold. This statistic provides an indication of the size of the new for-sale inventory in relation to the number of new houses currently being sold. The months' supply indicates how long the current new for-sale inventory would last given the current sales rate if no additional new houses were built.
EFFR
Effective Federal Funds Rate
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
79
For additional historical federal funds rate data, please see Daily Federal Funds Rate from 1928-1954 (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/categories/33951). The federal funds market consists of domestic unsecured borrowings in U.S. dollars by depository institutions from other depository institutions and certain other entities, primarily government-sponsored enterprises. The effective federal funds rate (EFFR) is calculated as a volume-weighted median of overnight federal funds transactions reported in the FR 2420 Report of Selected Money Market Rates. For more information, visit the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/obfrinfo).
PPIACO
Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
Monthly
Index 1982=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
79
TOTALSA
Total Vehicle Sales
Monthly
Millions of Units
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
78
JTSJOL
Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
Monthly
Level in Thousands
Seasonally Adjusted
78
Total Nonfarm Job Openings are a measure of all jobs that are not filled on the last business day of the month. A job is considered open if a specific position exists and there is work available for it, the job can be started within 30 days, and there is active recruiting for the position. Total Nonfarm Job Openings are measured by the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). These data are a unique economic indicator of unmet demand for labor and labor shortages. Economists, government officials, and researchers use Job Openings as a measure of tightness within job markets. Note that the set of available job openings may decline because openings become filled, or because previous openings are removed without filling positions. For more information, see: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Overview Page (https://www.bls.gov/jlt/jltover.htm#purpose) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Data Definitions (https://www.bls.gov/jlt/jltdef.htm#2)
WPU0911
Producer Price Index by Commodity: Pulp, Paper, and Allied Products: Wood Pulp
Monthly
Index 1982=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
78
PCEPILFE
Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy (Chain-Type Price Index)
Monthly
Index 2012=100
Seasonally Adjusted
78
BEA Account Code: DPCCRG The Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index is a measure of the prices that people living in the United States, or those buying on their behalf, pay for goods and services. The change in the PCE price index is known for capturing inflation (or deflation) across a wide range of consumer expenses and reflecting changes in consumer behavior. For example, if car prices rise, car sales may decline while bicycle sales increase. The PCE Price Index is produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), which revises previously published PCE data to reflect updated information or new methodology, providing consistency across decades of data that's valuable for researchers. They also offer the series as a Chain-Type index and excluding food and energy products, as above. The PCE price index less food excluding food and energy is used primarily for macroeconomic analysis and forecasting future values of the PCE price index. The PCE Price Index is similar to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' consumer price index for urban consumers. The two indexes, which have their own purposes and uses, are constructed differently, resulting in different inflation rates. For more information on the PCE price index, see: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (NIPA) (https://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf) U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index (https://www.bea.gov/data/personal-consumption-expenditures-price-index) U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Prices & Inflation (https://www.bea.gov/resources/learning-center/what-to-know-prices-inflation) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Differences between the Consumer Price Index and the Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index (https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/archive/differences-between-the-consumer-price-index-and-the-personal-consumption-expenditures-price-index.pdf)
CES0500000003
Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
Monthly
Dollars per Hour
Seasonally Adjusted
77
The series comes from the 'Current Employment Statistics (Establishment Survey).' The source code is: CES0500000003 The Average Hourly Earnings of All Private Employees is a measure of the average hourly earnings of all private employees on a “gross” basis, including premium pay for overtime and late-shift work. These differ from wage rates in that average hourly earnings measure the actual return to a worker for a set period of time, rather than the amount contracted for a unit of work, the wage rate. This measure excludes benefits, irregular bonuses, retroactive pay, and payroll taxes paid by the employer. Average Hourly Earnings are collected in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and published by the BLS. It is provided on a monthly basis, so this data is used in part by macroeconomists as an initial economic indicator of current trends. Progressions in earnings specifically help policy makers understand some of the pressures driving inflation. It is important to note that this series measures the average hourly earnings of the pool of workers in each period. Thus, changes in average hourly earnings can be due to either changes in the set of workers observed in a given period, or due to changes in earnings. For instance, in recessions that lead to the disproportionate increase of unemployment in lower-wage jobs, average hourly earnings can increase due to changes in the pool of workers rather than due to the widespread increase of hourly earnings at the worker-level. For more information, see: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CES Overview (https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprog.htm) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Handbook of Methods: Chapter 2. Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the Establishment Survey (https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/ces-20110307.pdf)
A939RX0Q048SBEA
Real gross domestic product per capita
Quarterly
Chained 2012 Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
77
BEA Account Code: A939RX For more information about this series, please visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis (http://www.bea.gov/national/).
USSTHPI
All-Transactions House Price Index for the United States
Quarterly
Index 1980:Q1=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
77
Estimated using sales prices and appraisal data.
BAA10Y
Moody's Seasoned Baa Corporate Bond Yield Relative to Yield on 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
77
Series is calculated as the spread between Moody's Seasoned Baa Corporate Bond© (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DBAA) and 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity (BC_10YEAR). ©2017, Moody's Corporation, Moody's Investors Service, Inc., Moody's Analytics, Inc. and/or their licensors and affiliates (collectively, "Moody's"). All rights reserved. Moody's ratings and other information ("Moody's Information") are proprietary to Moody's and/or its licensors and are protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. Moody's Information is licensed to Client by Moody's. MOODY'S INFORMATION MAY NOT BE COPIED OR OTHERWISE REPRODUCED, REPACKAGED, FURTHER TRANSMITTED, TRANSFERRED, DISSEMINATED, REDISTRIBUTED OR RESOLD, OR STORED FOR SUBSEQUENT USE FOR ANY SUCH PURPOSE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN ANY FORM OR MANNER OR BY ANY MEANS WHATSOEVER, BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODY'S PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).
FEDTARMD
FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median
Annual
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
76
The projections for the federal funds rate are the value of the midpoint of the projected appropriate target range for the federal funds rate or the projected appropriate target level for the federal funds rate at the end of the specified calendar year or over the longer run. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year. This series represents the median value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. For each period, the median is the middle projection when the projections are arranged from lowest to highest. When the number of projections is even, the median is the average of the two middle projections. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.
A191RL1Q225SBEA
Real Gross Domestic Product
Quarterly
Percent Change from Preceding Period
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
76
BEA Account Code: A191RL Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of the goods and services produced by the nation's economy less the value of the goods and services used up in production. GDP is also equal to the sum of personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investment, net exports of goods and services, and government consumption expenditures and gross investment. Real values are inflation-adjusted estimates—that is, estimates that exclude the effects of price changes. For more information about this series, please visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis (http://www.bea.gov/national/).
PCU325211325211
Producer Price Index by Industry: Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Monthly
Index Dec 1980=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
76
FEDTARMD
FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median
Annual
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
76
The projections for the federal funds rate are the value of the midpoint of the projected appropriate target range for the federal funds rate or the projected appropriate target level for the federal funds rate at the end of the specified calendar year or over the longer run. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year. This series represents the median value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. For each period, the median is the middle projection when the projections are arranged from lowest to highest. When the number of projections is even, the median is the average of the two middle projections. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.
M2REAL
Real M2 Money Stock
Monthly
Billions of 1982-84 Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted
76
This series deflates M2 money stock (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2SL) with CPI (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL).
SOFR30DAYAVG
30-Day Average SOFR
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
76
As an extension of the additional documentation about the Treasury Repo Reference Rates. (https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/treasury-repo-reference-rates-information)
T10YFF
10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus Federal Funds Rate
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
75
Series is calculated as the spread between 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity (BC_10YEAR) and Effective Federal Funds Rate (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EFFR). Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).
REAINTRATREARAT10Y
10-Year Real Interest Rate
Monthly
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
75
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland estimates the expected rate of inflation over the next 30 years along with the inflation risk premium, the real risk premium, and the real interest rate. Their estimates are calculated with a model that uses Treasury yields, inflation data, inflation swaps, and survey-based measures of inflation expectations. For more information, please visit the <a href="https://www.clevelandfed.org/indicators-and-data/inflation-expectations#background">Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland<a/>.
FIXHAI
Housing Affordability Index (Fixed)
Monthly
Index
Not Seasonally Adjusted
74
Copyright, 2016, National Association of Realtors. Reprinted with permission. Per the agreement with the source, data in FRED are available for the prior 13 months. Measures the degree to which a typical family can afford the monthly mortgage payments on a typical home. Value of 100 means that a family with the median income has exactly enough income to qualify for a mortgage on a median-priced home. An index above 100 signifies that family earning the median income has more than enough income to qualify for a mortgage loan on a median-priced home, assuming a 20 percent down payment. This index is calculated for fixed mortgages.
PCEC96
Real Personal Consumption Expenditures
Monthly
Billions of Chained 2012 Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
74
BEA Account Code: DPCERX A Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf) (NIPA)
TEDRATE
TED Spread (DISCONTINUED)
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
74
Series is calculated as the spread between 3-Month LIBOR based on US dollars (USD3MTD156N) and 3-Month Treasury Bill (DTB3 (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DTB3)). Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield). The 3-Month LIBOR based on US Dollars has been removed from FRED (https://news.research.stlouisfed.org/2022/01/ice-benchmark-administration-ltd-iba-data-to-be-removed-from-fred/) as of January 31, 2022, so this calculated series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. Users interested in calculating a similar credit risk can use the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), which has been identified as the rate that represents best practice for use in certain new U.S. Dollar derivatives and other financial contracts. For more details, see the article Transition from LIBOR (https://www.newyorkfed.org/arrc/sofr-transition) from the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (AARC).
DSPIC96
Real Disposable Personal Income
Monthly
Billions of Chained 2012 Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
74
BEA Account Code: A067RX AGuide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf) (NIPA)
WPU101707
Producer Price Index by Commodity: Metals and Metal Products: Cold Rolled Steel Sheet and Strip
Monthly
Index Jun 1982=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
73
DJIA
Dow Jones Industrial Average
Daily, Close
Index
Not Seasonally Adjusted
73
The observations for the Dow Jones Industrial Average represent the daily index value at market close. The market typically closes at 4 PM ET, except for holidays when it sometimes closes early. The Dow Jones Industrial Average provides a view of the US stock market and economy. Originally, the index was made up of 12 stocks, it now contains 30 component companies in various industries. See indexology (http://us.spindices.com/indexology/djia-and-sp-500?homepage=true) for more information. Copyright © 2016, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. All rights reserved. Reproduction of Dow Jones Industrial Average in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC ("S&P"). S&P does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, completeness or availability of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions, regardless of the cause or for the results obtained from the use of such information. S&P DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. In no event shall S&P be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with subscriber's or others' use of Dow Jones Industrial Average. Permission to reproduce this series can be requested from index_services@spdji.com. More contact details are available here (http://us.spindices.com/contact-us), including phone numbers for all regional offices.
LES1252881600Q
Employed full time: Median usual weekly real earnings: Wage and salary workers: 16 years and over
Quarterly
1982-84 CPI Adjusted Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted
73
Data measure usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers. Wage and salary workers are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, it excludes all self-employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Usual weekly earnings represent earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term "usual" is determined by each respondent's own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of "usual," interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Visit the BLS (https://www.bls.gov/cps/earnings.htm) for more information. The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)' The source code is: LES1252881600
FYFSD
Federal Surplus or Deficit [-]
Annual, Fiscal Year
Millions of Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
73
Dates represent the end of the fiscal year. Fiscal year series are updated with official OMB figures in January or February. In October, the latest fiscal year is updated with figures from the Treasury Department (September figures from the Treasury's fiscal year to date series).
DCOILBRENTEU
Crude Oil Prices: Brent - Europe
Daily
Dollars per Barrel
Not Seasonally Adjusted
73
Definitions, Sources and Explanatory Notes (http://www.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/TblDefs/pet_pri_spt_tbldef2.asp)
CPIAUCNS
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
Monthly
Index 1982-1984=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
73
Handbook of Methods (https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/cpihom.pdf) Understanding the CPI: Frequently Asked Questions (https://www.bls.gov/cpi/questions-and-answers.htm)
EXHOSLUSM495S
Existing Home Sales
Monthly
Number of Units
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
73
The National Association of Realtors monthly housing indicators are based on a representative sample of local boards and multiple listing services. Sales volume, inventory, and price levels for existing homes are measured for the US in aggregate and by census region. Existing homes, unlike new homes, are homes that are owned and occupied before coming onto the market. Existing-home sales measures the transaction volume of existing single-family homes, condos, and co-ops. For more information, see Methodology: Existing-Home Sales (https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics/housing-statistics/existing-home-sales/methodology). Copyright, 2016, National Association of Realtors. Reprinted with permission.
CUUR0000SEHA
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Rent of Primary Residence in U.S. City Average
Monthly
Index 1982-1984=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
73
MEDCPIM158SFRBCLE
Median Consumer Price Index
Monthly
Percent Change at Annual Rate
Seasonally Adjusted
73
Median Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of core inflation calculated the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and the Ohio State University. Median CPI was created as a different way to get a 'Core CPI' measure, or a better measure of underlying inflation trends. To calculate the Median CPI, the Cleveland Fed analyzes the median price change of the goods and services published by the BLS. The median price change is the price change that's right in the middle of the long list of all of the price changes. This series excludes 49.5% of the CPI components with the highest and lowest one-month price changes from each tail of the price-change distribution resulting in a Median CPI Inflation Estimate. According to research from the Cleveland Fed, the Median CPI provides a better signal of the inflation trend than either the all-items CPI or the CPI excluding food and energy. According to newer research done at the Cleveland Fed, the Median CPI is even better at PCE inflation in the near and longer term than the core PCE. For further information, visit The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (https://www.clevelandfed.org/indicators-and-data/median-cpi#background).
GDPDEF
Gross Domestic Product: Implicit Price Deflator
Quarterly
Index 2012=100
Seasonally Adjusted
73
BEA Account Code: A191RD The number of decimal places reported varies over time. A Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf) (NIPA).
PERMIT
New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
Monthly
Thousands of Units
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
72
Starting with the 2005-02-16 release, the series reflects an increase in the universe of permit-issuing places from 19,000 to 20,000 places.
PCUOMFGOMFG
Producer Price Index by Industry: Total Manufacturing Industries
Monthly
Index Dec 1984=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
72
CCSA
Continued Claims (Insured Unemployment)
Weekly, Ending Saturday
Number
Seasonally Adjusted
72
Continued claims, also referred to as insured unemployment, is the number of people who have already filed an initial claim and who have experienced a week of unemployment and then filed a continued claim to claim benefits for that week of unemployment. Continued claims data are based on the week of unemployment, not the week when the initial claim was filed.
PERMIT
New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
Monthly
Thousands of Units
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
72
Starting with the 2005-02-16 release, the series reflects an increase in the universe of permit-issuing places from 19,000 to 20,000 places.
GDPPOT
Real Potential Gross Domestic Product
Quarterly
Billions of Chained 2012 Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
72
Real potential GDP is the CBO’s estimate of the output the economy would produce with a high rate of use of its capital and labor resources. The data is adjusted to remove the effects of inflation.
CASTHPI
All-Transactions House Price Index for California
Quarterly
Index 1980:Q1=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
72
Estimated using sales prices and appraisal data.
CP
Corporate Profits After Tax (without IVA and CCAdj)
Quarterly
Billions of Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
71
BEA Account Code: A055RC
SPCS20RSA
S&P/Case-Shiller 20-City Composite Home Price Index
Monthly
Index Jan 2000=100
Seasonally Adjusted
71
For more information regarding the index, please visit Standard and Poor's (https://us.spindices.com/index-family/sp-corelogic-case-shiller/sp-corelogic-case-shiller-composite). Copyright © 2016, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. All rights reserved. Reproduction of S&P Case-Shiller 20-City Home Price Index in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC "S&P". S&P does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, completeness or availability of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions, regardless of the cause or for the results obtained from the use of such information. S&P DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. In no event shall S&P be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with subscriber's or others' user of S&P Case-Shiller 20-City Home Price Index. Permission to reproduce this series can be requested from index_services@spdji.com. More contact details (http://us.spindices.com/contact-us/) are available, including phone numbers for all regional offices.
FYFSGDA188S
Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
Annual
Percent of GDP
Not Seasonally Adjusted
71
Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYFSGDA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFSGDA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] (FYFSD) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFSD) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): FYFSGDA188S = ((FYFSD/1000)/GDPA)*100 FYFSD/1000 transforms FYFSD from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.
WPU10170502
Producer Price Index by Commodity: Metals and Metal Products: Steel Wire, Stainless Steel
Monthly
Index Dec 2010=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
71
RSXFS
Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
Monthly
Millions of Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted
71
E-commerce sales are included in the total monthly sales estimates. The value for the most recent month is an advance estimate that is based on data from a subsample of firms from the larger Monthly Retail Trade Survey. The advance estimate will be superseded in following months by revised estimates derived from the larger Monthly Retail Trade Survey. The associated series from the Monthly Retail Trade Survey is available at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MRTSSM44000USS Information about the Advance Monthly Retail Sales Survey can be found on the Census website at https://www.census.gov/retail/marts/about_the_surveys.html
MEPAINUSA672N
Real Median Personal Income in the United States
Annual
2021 CPI-U-RS Adjusted Dollars
Not Seasonally Adjusted
71
People 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and people 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years.
FYFSGDA188S
Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
Annual
Percent of GDP
Not Seasonally Adjusted
71
Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYFSGDA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFSGDA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] (FYFSD) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFSD) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): FYFSGDA188S = ((FYFSD/1000)/GDPA)*100 FYFSD/1000 transforms FYFSD from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.
GASREGW
US Regular All Formulations Gas Price
Weekly, Ending Monday
Dollars per Gallon
Not Seasonally Adjusted
70
Weighted average based on sampling of approximately 900 retail outlets, 8:00AM Monday. The price represents self-service unless only full-service is available and includes all taxes. See (http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/wrgp/mogas_home_page.html) for further definitions. Regular Gasoline has an antiknock index (average of the research octane rating and the motor octane number) greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88. Octane requirements may vary by altitude.
GDPNOW
GDPNow
Quarterly
Percent Change at Annual Rate
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
70
GDPNow is a nowcasting model for gross domestic product (GDP) growth that synthesizes the bridge equation approach relating GDP subcomponents to monthly source data with factor model and Bayesian vector autoregression approaches. The GDPNow model forecasts GDP growth by aggregating 13 subcomponents that make up GDP with the chain-weighting methodology used by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis. The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta's GDPNow release complements the quarterly GDP release from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The Atlanta Fed recalculates and updates their GDPNow forecasts (called "nowcasts") throughout the quarter as new data are released, up until the BEA releases its "advance estimate" of GDP for that quarter. The St. Louis Fed constructs a quarterly time series for this dataset, in which both historical and current observations values are combined. In general, the most-current observation is revised multiple times throughout the quarter. The final forecasted value (before the BEA's release of the advance estimate of GDP) is the static, historical value for that quarter. For futher information visit the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (https://www.frbatlanta.org/cqer/research/gdpnow.aspx?panel=1).
ECIWAG
Employment Cost Index: Wages and Salaries: Private Industry Workers
Quarterly
Index Dec 2005=100
Seasonally Adjusted
70
On April 26, 2006, The Employment Cost Index converted to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC). In addition, several computational changes were introduced, including rebasing all series to December 2005=100 from June 1989=100, the introduction of new employment weights and seasonal adjustment factors. For more detailed information on NAICS and SOC, including background and definitions, please see the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) websites: https://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm (https://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm) and http://www.bls.gov/soc/home.htm (http://www.bls.gov/soc/home.htm).
A091RC1Q027SBEA
Federal government current expenditures: Interest payments
Quarterly
Billions of Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
70
BEA Account Code: A091RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
CUUR0000SA0R
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average
Monthly
Index 1982-1984=100
Not Seasonally Adjusted
70
M1V
Velocity of M1 Money Stock
Quarterly
Ratio
Seasonally Adjusted
70
Calculated as the ratio of quarterly nominal GDP (GDP (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP)) to the quarterly average of M1 money stock (M1SL (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M1SL)) The velocity of money is the frequency at which one unit of currency is used to purchase domestically- produced goods and services within a given time period. In other words, it is the number of times one dollar is spent to buy goods and services per unit of time. If the velocity of money is increasing, then more transactions are occurring between individuals in an economy. The frequency of currency exchange can be used to determine the velocity of a given component of the money supply, providing some insight into whether consumers and businesses are saving or spending their money. There are several components of the money supply,: M1, M2, and MZM (M3 is no longer tracked by the Federal Reserve); these components are arranged on a spectrum of narrowest to broadest. Consider M1, the narrowest component. M1 is the money supply of currency in circulation (notes and coins, demand deposits, and other liquid deposits). A decreasing velocity of M1 might indicate fewer short- term consumption transactions are taking place. We can think of shorter- term transactions as consumption we might make on an everyday basis. Beginning May 2020, M1 consists of (1) currency outside the U.S. Treasury, Federal Reserve Banks, and the vaults of depository institutions; (2) demand deposits at commercial banks (excluding those amounts held by depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign banks and official institutions) less cash items in the process of collection and Federal Reserve float; and (3) other liquid deposits, consisting of OCDs and savings deposits (including money market deposit accounts). Seasonally adjusted M1 is constructed by summing currency, demand deposits, and OCDs (before May 2020) or other liquid deposits (beginning May 2020), each seasonally adjusted separately. For more information on the H.6 release changes and the regulatory amendment that led to the creation of the other liquid deposits component and its inclusion in the M1 monetary aggregate, see the H.6 announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h6.html) and Technical Q&As (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/h6_technical_qa.htm) posted on December 17, 2020. The broader M2 component includes M1 in addition to saving deposits, certificates of deposit (less than $100,000), and money market deposits for individuals. Comparing the velocities of M1 and M2 provides some insight into how quickly the economy is spending and how quickly it is saving. MZM (money with zero maturity) is the broadest component and consists of the supply of financial assets redeemable at par on demand: notes and coins in circulation, traveler’s checks (non-bank issuers), demand deposits, other checkable deposits, savings deposits, and all money market funds. The velocity of MZM helps determine how often financial assets are switching hands within the economy.
HSN1F
New One Family Houses Sold: United States
Monthly
Thousands
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
69
MANEMP
All Employees, Manufacturing
Monthly
Thousands of Persons
Seasonally Adjusted
69
The series comes from the 'Current Employment Statistics (Establishment Survey).' The source code is: CES3000000001
UNEMPLOY
Unemployment Level
Monthly
Thousands of Persons
Seasonally Adjusted
69
The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)' The source code is: LNS13000000 The Unemployment Level is the aggregate measure of people currently unemployed in the US. Someone in the labor force is defined as unemployed if they were not employed during the survey reference week, were available for work, and made at least one active effort to find a job during the 4-week survey period. The Unemployment Level is collected in the CPS and published by the BLS. It is provided on a monthly basis, so this data is used in part by macroeconomists as an initial economic indicator of current trends. The Unemployment Level helps government agencies, financial markets, and researchers gauge the overall health of the economy. Note that individuals that are not employed but not actively looking for a job are not counted as unemployed. For instance, declines in the Unemployment Level may either reflect movements of unemployed individuals into the labor force because they found a job, or movements of unemployed individuals out of the labor force because they stopped looking to find a job. For more information, see: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CES Overview (https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprog.htm) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS Handbook of Methods: Chapter 2. Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the Establishment Survey (https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/ces-20110307.pdf)
RHORUSQ156N
Homeownership Rate in the United States
Quarterly
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
69
The homeownership rate is the proportion of households that is owner-occupied.
USREC
NBER based Recession Indicators for the United States from the Period following the Peak through the Trough
Monthly
+1 or 0
Not Seasonally Adjusted
69
This time series is an interpretation of US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions data provided by The National Bureau of Economic Research (http://www.nber.org/cycles/cyclesmain.html) (NBER). Our time series is composed of dummy variables that represent periods of expansion and recession. The NBER identifies months and quarters of turning points without designating a date within the period that turning points occurred. The dummy variable adopts an arbitrary convention that the turning point occurred at a specific date within the period. The arbitrary convention does not reflect any judgment on this issue by the NBER's Business Cycle Dating Committee. A value of 1 is a recessionary period, while a value of 0 is an expansionary period. For this time series, the recession begins the first day of the period following a peak and ends on the last day of the period of the trough. For more options on recession shading, see the notes and links below. The recession shading data that we provide initially comes from the source as a list of dates that are either an economic peak or trough. We interpret dates into recession shading data using one of three arbitrary methods. All of our recession shading data is available using all three interpretations. The period between a peak and trough is always shaded as a recession. The peak and trough are collectively extrema. Depending on the application, the extrema, both individually and collectively, may be included in the recession period in whole or in part. In situations where a portion of a period is included in the recession, the whole period is deemed to be included in the recession period. The first interpretation, known as the midpoint method, is to show a recession from the midpoint of the peak through the midpoint of the trough for monthly and quarterly data. For daily data, the recession begins on the 15th of the month of the peak and ends on the 15th of the month of the trough. Daily data is a disaggregation of monthly data. For monthly and quarterly data, the entire peak and trough periods are included in the recession shading. This method shows the maximum number of periods as a recession for monthly and quarterly data. The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis uses this method in its own publications. One version of this time series is represented using the midpoint method (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/USRECM) The second interpretation, known as the trough method, is to show a recession from the period following the peak through the trough (i.e. the peak is not included in the recession shading, but the trough is). For daily data, the recession begins on the first day of the first month following the peak and ends on the last day of the month of the trough. Daily data is a disaggregation of monthly data. The trough method is used when displaying data on FRED graphs. The trough method is used for this series. The third interpretation, known as the peak method, is to show a recession from the period of the peak to the trough (i.e. the peak is included in the recession shading, but the trough is not). For daily data, the recession begins on the first day of the month of the peak and ends on the last day of the month preceding the trough. Daily data is a disaggregation of monthly data. Here is an example of this time series represented using the peak method (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/USRECP).
DGORDER
Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
Monthly
Millions of Dollars
Seasonally Adjusted
69
HSN1F
New One Family Houses Sold: United States
Monthly
Thousands
Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
69
HOSINVUSM495N
Existing Home Sales: Housing Inventory
Monthly
Number of Units
Not Seasonally Adjusted
68
The National Association of Realtors monthly housing indicators are based on a representative sample of local boards and multiple listing services. Sales volume, inventory, and price levels for existing homes are measured for the US in aggregate and by census region. Existing homes, unlike new homes, are homes that are owned and occupied before coming onto the market. Inventory indicates the number of properties marked as "active" on the market or those pending sales. When a seller lists a property, it becomes counted as inventory. For more information, see Methodology: Existing-Home Sales (https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics/housing-statistics/existing-home-sales/methodology). Copyright, 2016, National Association of Realtors. Reprinted with permission.
RRPONTSYAWARD
Overnight Reverse Repurchase Agreements Award Rate: Treasury Securities Sold by the Federal Reserve in the Temporary Open Market Operations
Daily
Percent
Not Seasonally Adjusted
68
The award rate is the rate given to all accepted propositions for the collateral type reported by the New York Fed as part of the Temporary Open Market Operations. Temporary open market operations involve short-term repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements that are designed to temporarily add or drain reserves available to the banking system and influence day-to-day trading in the federal funds market. A reverse repurchase agreement (known as reverse repo or RRP) is a transaction in which the New York Fed under the authorization and direction of the Federal Open Market Committee sells a security to an eligible counterparty with an agreement to repurchase that same security at a specified price at a specific time in the future. For these transactions, eligible securities are U.S. Treasury instruments. See FAQs (https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/rrp_faq.html) for more information.
SFXRSA
S&P/Case-Shiller CA-San Francisco Home Price Index
Monthly
Index Jan 2000=100
Seasonally Adjusted
68
For more information regarding the index, please visit Standard & Poor's (https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-sp-corelogic-cs-home-price-indices.pdf). Copyright © 2016, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. All rights reserved. Reproduction of Home Price Index for San Francisco, California in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC "S&P". S&P does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, completeness or availability of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions, regardless of the cause or for the results obtained from the use of such information. S&P DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. In no event shall S&P be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with subscriber's or others' user of Home Price Index for San Francisco, California. Permission to reproduce this series can be requested from index_services@spdji.com. More contact details (http://us.spindices.com/contact-us/) are available, including phone numbers for all regional offices.